Kanwa Defence Review(汉和防务评论）

A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO KANWA INFORMATION CENTER
Kanwa Information Center (KWIC) is a non-government-run news agency that has been officially registered in Toronto, Canada. With special correspondents stationed in Moscow, Washington D.C., and the other places in the world, KWIC provides, on a regular basis, various news correspondence, original photos, and reference reports on the foreign and national defense policies of different Asian countries. The news, original photos, and large reports that KWIC provides are often used by the news agencies, newspapers, and research institutes in USA, Japan, and Britain. In addition, KWIC also publishes the Kanwa Defense Review in the English, Japanese, and Chinese languages irregularly.


KWIC provides news, photos, and video images in English, Japanese, and Chinese. While offering these news items through the "Kanwa Express" to the major news agencies and media in a fastest possible way, KWIC provides the internet news in both English and Chinese once every ten days or three times a month, and once a month (on the tenth day of every month) in Japanese. KWIC also adds the "express news" and "newsphotos" on an irregular basis.

To get more detailed information in military, you can logged on this website:

http://www.kanwa.com/eindex.html

You might find that some of the articles in this website are not subjective or acurate, but it might provide some new insight towards the power of PLA.

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平可夫（A.Y.Pinkov）简介：

汉和的安德烈·平可夫的来历 安德烈·平可夫，乍一听是个“洋人”，实际上却是个土生土长的中国人。

平可夫原名张毅弘，1963年生于云南。据他自己回忆，他的童年过得并不快乐。但他对自己评价颇高，自称“在21岁以前，我一直认为自己是绝对的天才——9岁开始读报，可以辩论越南战争问题。11岁时与大人讨论朱可夫（注：二战时期苏联著名将领）的莫斯科保卫战，甚至狂言他指挥有问题……13岁时能够演奏莫扎特的小提琴协奏曲，酷爱西方的绘画艺术”。但他也承认：“坦率地说，我当时几乎没有朋友，我生性傲慢，甚至看不起自己的老师。”

1984年，21岁的张毅弘从昆明市高等师范专科学校中文系毕业，两年后自费赴日本，在东京一所日语学校学习日语，1988年成为青山学院国际政治学部的预科生，主修苏联当代政治学。 在日本留学期间，张毅弘的日子过得很苦。据他回忆，每天凌晨3点，闹钟一响，他就得马上起床，在30分钟内赶到《朝日新闻》大森派送所，领取近200份当天的《朝日新闻》报纸，送到每一位订户房间内，靠此挣些学费。每周只有星期日下午，他才能休息半天。 由于压力过大，在日本期间，张毅弘一度要靠服用大量镇静药来支撑学习和生活。他最终没能拿到硕士学位，于1990年离开学校，一边打工，一边写些文章挣稿费。

在靠稿费过活的那段时间，张毅弘找到了赚钱、出名的“捷径”——披露“中国军事内幕”。他的名字开始大量出现在日本报纸上。当时正值西方大肆炒作“中国军事威胁论”的热潮，这个自称“对共产主义毫无兴趣”的中国大陆留学生能够频频“爆料”，正中西方国家一些人的下怀，甚至连美国中情局编撰的《每日中国报告》，也时常转载他的报道和评论。 1993年，张毅弘移居加拿大，在多伦多创办了汉和信息中心。此时，昔日的穷学生已经变成了“国际军事评论家”安德烈·平可夫。1996年，平可夫在莫斯科求见俄空军总司令捷列金大将，后者问他为什么取名“平可夫”，他回答说，因为他崇拜苏联名将朱可夫元帅；还说当年在日本穷困潦倒的时候，经常读朱可夫的回忆录，甚至可以背诵其中的不少段落。捷列金听后大为感动……“平可夫”这个名字的由来是否真如他自己所说，已无从考证，不过它的确迅速被人们记住了。

平可夫搞军事“研究”是半路出家，基本功不扎实，要想迅速走红，得靠不寻常的手段。他在日本学过苏联当代政治学，会说俄语，于是借苏联解体后俄罗斯社会动荡的时机，跑到那里，把道听途说的有关中国的小道消息加工一番，再加上渲染、猜测，拼凑成文。这些文章迎合了西方炒作“中国军事威胁论”的需要，他因此一举成名，连日本防卫厅防卫研究所都曾邀他前去讲学，英国《简氏国际防务评论》也曾聘他出任亚洲特派员。

平可夫经常回中国，国内不少军事迷都见过他。但是，他的“军事评论家”身份受到了很多质疑。其一，他的观点很不严谨，多属捕风捉影，比如“中国拣来美国导弹残骸仿造巡航导弹”、“中国到乌克兰偷艺发展导弹列车”……在杭州举行的一次研讨会上，平可夫又口出惊人之语，称中国军事实力将在20年内赶超美国。凤凰卫视《军情观察室》栏目的马鼎盛先生说他“吹”得太玄乎，他马上“宣战”，扬言要亲自去凤凰卫视，“用三五分钟时间”，给马先生“教授入门课程”。 让军事问题专家反感的是，平可夫的立场非常不公正，喜欢帮西方媒体“吹喇叭”。他还多次去台湾，研讨“如何应对大陆军力崛起”。今年1月22日，他还特意跑到台湾，专访了号称“陈水扁亲信中的亲信”的台湾“国防部副部长”柯承亨。两人一唱一和，大肆鼓吹“大陆军事威胁论”。平可夫提醒柯承亨说，日本“今后作为正常国家，武器出口的问题也可能提上议事日程”。柯承亨则马上搭腔称：“如果日本能够出售武器，对于台湾将会非常有帮助。”

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High Power Pulsed Magnetron Sputtering (HPPMS)(excerpt)

The following text was excerpt from the webpage:
http://www.ifm.liu.se/plasma/reshppms.html
Glow discharge thin film deposition processes are technologically very important and are extensively used for industrial production of layers as well as in materials research, especially in facilitating in the creation of new advanced materials. Unlike evaporative techniques glow discharge plasmas can be tailored to obtain impinging particles with energies comparable to typical surface and molecular binding energies. This in turn gives yields increased adatom mobility as well as increased surface chemical reaction rates which give rise to epitaxial growth at reduced temperatures and synthesis of chemically metastable materials. Compound formation, in which the reactivity between constituents is the rate-limiting step also becomes easier. For instance, dissociation can occur as a result of energetic plasma processes, such as electron, ion, and photon irradiation.

An even greater advantage can be achieved if the deposition material itself is ionized (ionized sputtering). In this case the material can be accelerated to desired energies and guided in direction, using electrical or magnetical fields, to facilitate e.g. film substrate intermixing, nano- and microstructural modifications, and creation of metastable phases.Due to this interest in achieving a deposition flux in the form of ions rather than neutrals, several new ionized physical vapor deposition (IPVD) techniques have emerged giving this possibility [1]. These techniques are all based on the formation of very high plasma densities which makes it virtually impossible for the deposition atoms to escape from the vapor generation zone without becoming ionized by energetic electrons. The first IPVD systems consisted of a magnetron cathode for physical sputtering of atoms and a secondary inductively coupled plasma (ICP) discharge[2], by a secondary microwave driven discharge[3], or by shaping the cathode target in a particular way in order to confine the electrons, referred to as hollow cathode magnetron discharge[4]. High-power pulsed dc magnetrons in unipolar mode have been proposed for highly ionized sputtering[5,6]. In a conventional dc magnetron the power density is limited by the thermal load on the target, since most of the energy of the positive ions accelerated to the target is transformed into heat. In unipolar pulsing the power supply operates at low (or zero) power level and then pulses to a significantly higher level for a short period each cycle. When the peak power densities exceed 1 kW/cm2 we refer to the process as HPPMS. The peak power density is generally in the range 1-3 kW/cm2 at peak target voltage in the range 300-1500 V. Thus substantial increase in the instantaneous plasma density is achieved without increasing the thermal load of the target. The pulsed magnetron has been demonstrated for use in high-aspect-ratio filling applications and improved thickness homogeneity of the deposited films compared to conventional dc magnetrons[5].For a list of our recent publication in this field see the publication list.
[1] See for example: Ionized Physical Vapor Deposition, Ed. by JA Hopwood (Academic Press, London, 2000) or JM Schneider, SL Rohde, WD Sproul, and A Matthews, Recent Developments in Plasma Assisted Physical Vapour Deposition, Journal of Physics D 33, 2000, R173.
[2] Magnetron sputter deposition with high levels of metal ionization, S.M. Rossnagel and J. Hopwood, Appl. Phys. Lett. 63 (1993) 3285.
[3] Development of a cylindrical DC magnetron sputtering apparatus assisted by microwave plasma, A. Yonesu, H. Takemoto, M. Hirata, and Y. Yamashiro, Vacuum 66 (2002) 275.
[4] Hollow cathode magnetron, Z. Wang and S.A. Cohen, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 17 (1999) 77.
[5] novel pulsed magnetron sputter technique utilizing very high target power densities, V. Kouznetsov, K. Macák, J.M. Schneider, U. Helmersson, and I. Petrov, Surface and Coatings Technology 122 (1999) 290.

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the Plasma & Coatings Physics division(Linköping University)

Jan-Eric Sundgren, Senior Vice President at Volvo AB, is discussing the possible benefits for Volvo to use the HIPIMS-technology.

The Plasma & Coatings Physics group is a division at the Department of Physics and Measurement Technology (IFM), Linköping University, Sweden. Our research concerns investigations of methods for growth of thin films (using sputtering techniques), as well as development of coatings for various applications. The group was formed from, and still works in close collaboration with, the Thin Film Physics group.

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A love letter of Wengfan!

The remarriage of Chen Ning Yang has aroused enormous interest, and also was regarded as a wrongdoing by most of us. After all, Influenced by the traditional culture, none of us would like to accept such a fact that a old man marry with a young gril with the age difference of six decades.

Recently, a love letter, appeared in the internet and conformed to be written by Wenfan, was spreaded and distained by many people. The initial version of this letter was written in English, some guy translated it using the traditional Chinese. The letter is as follows:

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Cold here, icy cold there. You belong to neither, leaves have withered.
　　Your face is pale and blue, a tearful smile. Some-thing in your eyes,whispers words of last good-bye. My heart sinks down,tearssurge out.
　　Hot summer.Cheerful Cocktail. You took my hand. We fled into another world of band. You sat by my side, long hair tied behind,cool and killing. Smile floating on the lemonade, soft and smooth.How I was? amazed. Your face looked like the cover of the magazine. My head spin. You led my hand,danced along the crazy theme.
　　Light vied with wine, elegance mixed with fragrance,laughing covered by greetings, the crowed was busy at handshaking.You stoodthere, eyes on me. I trembled at the sparkles, bcentererthan thelight. A masterpiece from God, I felt dizzy. We were notnear, yetwe were togeth-er.
　　Days ended. You said, you would wait for me at th e Alps side.Wewould ski against snowflakes dancing in the sky. I gave noanswerbut a good-bye to ac-company your flight. Gone was the plane,Isuddenly tasted my pain. I knew I had been silly and stupid,youwere in my heart, I shouldn ’t have hidden in the dark. I triedtoforget your disappointment. I made be-lieve sometime someday,Iwould tell you, I feel all the same.
　　My thought struggled at confessing, somehow hesitation endedinflinching. I continued my role of a fool, clinched to mymaidenpride, yet secretly in-dulged in your promise of the whiteland --snow measuring down to us, in your arms I am lifted up. Thechimingof Christmas bell!
　　The bell died in the patter of rain, from hell came thelaughingof Satan at my brain. Tearful smile, swal-lowed by thedarkness.How could I trace your hair to wipe your tears?My handsreachedout,catching nothing but a raindrop, on a leaf thathadwithered.
　　Snowflakes have melted into water, we are no more together.

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　　网友译文(版本之一)
　　此处寒兮，彼处亦寒。
　　枯叶凋零兮，君当何人属欤？
　　君面惨淡忧郁兮，相看带笑泪眼。
　　君热泪盈盈复喃喃喁唧兮，别亦难。
　　沉落兮，泪涌似涛自难抑。
　　当忆酷夏兮，鸡尾酒会欢娱。
　　君执妾手兮，沉醉于二人世界里。
　　君坐妾之侧兮，髻发高束；英姿勃发兮，酷毙。
　　笑逐颜开兮，温润如玉。
　　讶君之面兮，再世吕布周郎。
　　心荡漾兮，手为君执；和曲起舞兮，癫狂。
　　灯盏相辉兮，芳雅相应；祝辞笑浪起伏兮，芸芸相送急。
　　君且立一旁兮，美目探妾。
　　妾莹灯下伫立兮，心动不已。
　　感帝之杰作兮，使妾沉迷。虽与君相隔远兮,心心相近。
　　旧日已逝兮，如梦。
　　会当临于阿尔卑斯山侧兮，滑雪于雪花飞舞之穹下。
　　欲说还休兮，惟祈安康。
　　航机渐逝兮，妾心将苦。
　　深知妾之愚钝兮，然君已窃妾心；妾当不可漠然兮，黯然彷徨。
　　妾亦尝忘君兮，恐失之交臂。
　　信有时兮，告君心迹。
　　挣于忏悔兮，退缩犹豫。
　　愚于处子之婚盟兮，窃纵意于君之诺。白雪皑皑兮，君挽妾身；妾意甚欢兮，聆圣诞钟鸣。
　　然钟声忽止于急雨兮，但闻撒旦之欢声笑语。
　　含泪倩笑兮，吞泯于暗黑。
　　欲将君之发揾君之泪兮，可欤？伸手所触兮，惟一叶飘零一滴飘洒。观积雪融兮，叹与君各在天涯。

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